From the Merthyr Express 80 years ago today….

The Melting Pot – Merthyr Tydfil's History and Culture
In Association with the Merthyr Tydfil & District Historical Society
From the Merthyr Express 80 years ago today….
by Barrie Jones
Henry’s first taste of long imprisonment was in November 1895 when together with Thomas Lewis and David Davies, his ‘old schoolmate’, he was tried for ‘feloniously and burglariously entering the dwelling house and pawn shop of Samuel Fine, Troedyrhiw’. The assizes Judge, Justice Lawrence, ruled that there was no evidence of burglary against Henry and David Davies, instead they were tried on the second count of receiving stolen property, knowing it to have been stolen. All three offenders were treated the same and they were each sentenced to three years’ penal servitude.
Penal servitude, which had replaced transportation, consisted of separate confinement in silence and hard labour, and was only given in exceptional circumstances. However, theft of property coupled with recidivism, was likely to impose penal sentences. It is likely that Henry and his two accomplices did not realise the full consequence of their sentences, on hearing the verdict they left the dock laughing.
The Dark Side of Convict Life (Being the Account of the Career of Harry Williams, a Merthyr Man). Merthyr Express, 12th February 1910, page 12.
Chapter III
One glass too much very often brings with it one step further, for when once a man has met misfortune, it is not a very easy thing to get on in the world. Once he is stamped with the prison taint, it is all up with him. He may, after the first, second, or third time, try to amend his ways, but there are others who make it their business to inform his employers who he is, what he is, and where he has been. This is done chiefly by the police, and what is the result? Well, it can all be put in a nutshell: The unfortunate man’s employers having learned his history, tells him in a mild sort of way that he requires his services no longer. Thus, he is thrown out of honest employment. Is there any wonder then that the poor wretch falls back again into crime?
I was tried at the Cardiff Assizes in the year 1895, having been accused of taking part in a robbery which I knew nothing at all about, and simply because I was found in possession of a certain article, I was deemed guilty, and sentenced to three years’ penal servitude. Even if I had committed the crime, such did not merit the sentence passed upon me. I acknowledged that I was guilty of receiving, but the law takes it that the receiver is worse than the thief. Again, it is not because of the nature of a crime brought against a man that he receives such a heavy sentence, but simply because he has been previously convicted; thus, a heavy sentence is passed upon him on the strength of his previous convictions. I have in mind the case of a man who stood accused of murder. The crime, no doubt, was of a very bad nature, but even if the man had committed the crime the law was not justified in passing the capital sentence upon him for there was not sufficient time allowed for inquires to be made into the state of his intellect. After he was hanged it leaked out that the man was insane at the time. Many a man has been hanged and after his execution the right man has given himself up and confessed to having committed the crime.
After being tried, found guilty, and sentenced to penal servitude, I was escorted back to Cardiff Prison in the “Black Maria”, but before proceeding any further, I will endeavour to give readers an idea of what his Majesty’s vehicle is like. It is something similar to a hearse, or more like a gaol on wheels. There are twelve separate cells in the interior, and they are so small that one has to wriggle himself up like a snake in order to get into them. I sometimes think that if this van could speak, it could tell how it had carried many a murderer to hear his last sermon. The cells at the Town Hall are a little larger, but not very well ventilated. There is netting overhead, giving the prisoners a close resemblance to a pack of wild beasts. The lions at the Zoological Gardens are far better accommodated. I was escorted in this cramped position back to Cardiff Prison, where I was hurried below into a place known as the “reception”, where I was waited upon by a warder, who quickly exchanged my navy-blue serge for a brand new suit of khaki. He afterwards proceeded to weigh me, take my measurement, and take my marks. He was not a bad sort of a man, and always ready with few words of kindness to a poor wretch – for, you know, after a man has been so long in prison, it is considered a very dangerous thing to exhibit any little feeling of sympathy towards him for a kind word under those circumstances has killed many a poor prisoner. He then locked me up, and gave me a bit of good advice to sleep upon.
To be continued…..
by Barrie Jones
Chapter II covers Henry’s account of his first encounter with the law and his imprisonment in October 1892, aged sixteen years. In fact, Henry’s life of crime had commenced from the age of thirteen years, and this was not his first experience of Swansea Gaol. Perhaps his long list of crimes had confused him or that this account made a better storyline. His old schoolmate Dai was David Davies, who would feature in more serious criminal escapades with Henry in the future.
The Dark Side of Convict Life (Being the Account of the Career of Harry Williams, a Merthyr Man). Merthyr Express, 5th February 1910, page 9.
Chapter II
After the accident to my head at the Cwm Pit Colliery, for five months I was idle and dependent upon on the support of my father, who was fast approaching old age. There was no such thing as a Miners’ Federation at that time, but only an accident fund, and the widow of a man killed underground only received ten shillings per week, and not even then unless the collier contributed towards the fund. Of course, that had nothing at all to do with me, as I was employed by the miners and not by the company, and it was the miners’ duty to pay the accident fund for me, and to deduct it from my wages. I was too young to know this at the time, otherwise I could have claimed compensation; consequently, I received absolutely nothing.
I was not going to see my father working himself to death to support me any longer, so one day, still suffering from the effects of my injuries, I set out to seek employment. I wandered towards the South Pit Colliery, near Troedyrhiw, but I had not gone very far before I met an old schoolmate of mine, Dai ____. Now Dai was a bold fellow. Although a good-hearted chap, he cared not for anyone. He hailed me with “ullo Harry, where are you off to?” “I am going to look for a start at the South Pit,” says I. “Well, come along Harry,” say he, “I happen to be out of work too: let us try together for a place on the coal.” So we reached the pit just as the manager was coming up, and we applied for a job, but no luck, for the place was full up.
Then Dai turned to me, saying, “What do you say, Harry, in doing a bit of crook?” (for Dai ____ had already made a great rent in his character). “Are you game?” says he, “game enough,” says I. So in returning towards Merthyr, we wandered towards the Field Pit Colliery, and once again we applied there for work, but the same as usual, it was full up. Then Dai says, “Let us go around to have a warm by the boilers,” for it was rather cold at the time. On going round, we passed the back of the miners’ lamp-room, when we happened to notice that a part of the zinc roof had been torn away and some of the lamps upon the shelves were visible. We put our hands in and made the shelves lighter by half-a-dozen, and with the aid of a file we managed to rub out the letters “P C” (which meant Plymouth Company), and which came off the oil pots in filings of brass. We then took them to several pawnbrokers, where we pledged them at half-a-crown and three and sixpence apiece. After enjoying ourselves with the reapings we returned to the lamp-room for some more; but just as Dai was drawing forth another lamp, out sprang a policeman and pounced upon him. Well, you know the rest. To make it brief, we were both brought before the “beaks,” and finally escorted to Swansea Gaol for one month.
On our arrival at the prison, after answering several questions to the chief turnkey, we were taken below to a place called the reception room, where a sturdy warder eyed me from head to foot, remarking, “You are starting rather young nipper.” Turning to Dai, he said, “You have brought a fresh mate with you this time, Dai. “We are quite innocent,” replied Dai, “Yes, you look innocent,” replied the turnkey, “if the kid doesn’t” (what would he say if he saw the kid now?). Then he proceeded to weigh me and take my measurement, and after fitting me, or trying to fit me with a dirty suit of khaki large enough for a man, he locked me in a cell. After making an examination of my surroundings, I broke down and cried, until I made the place quite damp with my tears. My thoughts were of “Home, Sweet Home.”
I was not long engaged in pumping water from my system before the turnkey came and unlocked the cell door, holding in his hand half a tin of skilly, which he called porridge, and eight-ounce dark brown toke (loaf). “Here you are,” says he, “let your tears drop into this, and you will fill the tin.” “I cannot eat it sir,” says I. “Oh, you will eat it,” says he, “before you have done your month,” and he was right too, for before I had been in goal a week, I was looking for more to eat. I happened to leave one of my small loaves on my self one day, when I was on the treadmill, but when I came in it had gone. When the turnkey brought me three pounds of oakum to pick, I asked him where my bread had gone to. Throwing down the oakum, he replied, “I suppose one of the birds has picked it.” Getting a bit bolder, and my tears being a thing of the past, I turned sharply upon him, and said, “The birds have picked it, have they? Then the birds can pick this oakum,” and I kicked it flying out of the cell. He then brought me before the Asinorum (governor), and the functionary awarded me three days bread and water. Thus the turnkey was beginning to know me, and he cooled down wonderfully well. The day of my discharge came round, and I was let out into the wide world again to fight another battle with the world, the flesh, and the devil.
To be continued…..
What’s in the newly-launched 50th Anniversary volume of Merthyr Historian?
The answer is more than 450 pages about the history and communities and notable people linked with the lower end of our Borough.
It’s called Troedyrhiw Southward and Taff Bargoed. Glimpses of Histories and Communities.
This is what is in it …
FOREWORD: Lord Ted Rowlands
REGIONAL MAP
WELCOME TO OUR 50th ANNIVERSARY VOLUME
I. THE ROAD THAT RUNS THROUGH IT …
II. PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE
III. WAR, COMMEMORATION AND PEACEMAKING
IV. COMMUNITIES AND PROJECTS
V. LOCAL POLITICS AND WORKERS’ EDUCATION
VI. BALLADMONGERS AND MUSIC MAKERS
VII. SPORT AND OUR COMMUNITIES
VIII. THIS BOOK WOULD NOT BE COMPLETE WITHOUT …
IX. OUR HISTORICAL SOCIETY: SOME HISTORY
CONTENTS OF Merthyr Historian vols. 1-31 (1974-2021)
BIOGRAPHIES OF CONTRIBUTORS
Volume 32 of the Merthyr Historian is priced at £15. If anyone would like to purchase a copy, please get in touch with me at merthyr.history@gmail.com and I will pass on all orders.
From the Weekly Mail 120 years ago today….
I recently received an enquiry asking whether there were any Scheduled Monuments in Merthyr Tydfil. The following is transcribed from Wikipedia:-
Merthyr Tydfil County Borough has 43 scheduled monuments. The prehistoric scheduled sites include many burial cairns and several defensive enclosures. The Roman period is represented by a Roman Road. The medieval periods include two inscribed stones, several house platforms and two castle sites. Finally the modern period has 14 sites, mainly related to Merthyr’s industries, including coal mining, transportation and iron works. Almost all of Merthyr Tydfil was in the historic county of Glamorgan, with several of the northernmost sites having been in Brecknockshire.
Scheduled monuments have statutory protection. The compilation of the list is undertaken by Cadw Welsh Historic Monuments, which is an executive agency of the National Assembly of Wales. The list of scheduled monuments below is supplied by Cadw with additional material from RCAHMW (Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Wales) and Glamorgan-Gwent Archaeological Trust.
Name | Site type | Community | Details | Historic County |
Gelligaer Standing Stone | Standing stone | Bedlinog | A 2 m (6.6 ft) high stone on open moorland. Probably Bronze Age and with the possible remains of a Bronze Age burial alongside. An inscription on the stone, now mostly illegible, is described as either post-Roman/Early Christian or Early Medieval. | Glamorganshire |
Coed Cae Round Cairns | Round cairn | Bedlinog | Located in a cairnfield with at least 19 stony mounds, the scheduling consists of a group of eight Bronze Age burial cairns. | Glamorganshire |
Gelligaer Common Round Cairns | Round cairn | Bedlinog | A group of eleven Bronze Age burial cairns. | Glamorganshire |
Carn Castell y Meibion ring cairn | Ring cairn | Cyfarthfa
Troed-y-rhiw |
A ring cairn, possibly dating to the Bronze Age, with a 8 m (26 ft) diameter and surrounded by a 3 m (9.8 ft) wide stony ring bank. | Glamorganshire |
Brynbychan Round Cairn | Round cairn | Merthyr Vale, | A Bronze Age circular cairn with a diameter of 18 m (59 ft). There is an OS triangulation pillar on the site. | Glamorganshire |
Cefn Merthyr Round Cairns | Cairnfield | Merthyr Vale | Glamorganshire | |
Morlais Hill ring cairn | Ring cairn | Pant | Glamorganshire | |
Tir Lan round barrow cemetery | Round barrow | Treharris | The remains of six Bronze Age round barrows, three to the north-west and three to the south-east of Tir Lan farm. All six remain substantially intact despite being reduced by ploughing in the past. | Glamorganshire |
Garn Las Earthwork | Round cairn | Troed-y-rhiw | The remains a circular burial cairn measuring 14 m (46 ft) in diameter, probably dating to the Bronze Age. | Glamorganshire |
Merthyr Common Round Cairns | Round cairn | Troed-y-rhiw | A group of six Bronze Age burial cairns ranging from 5 to 19 m (16 to 62 ft) in diameter. | Glamorganshire |
Carn Ddu platform cairn | Platform Cairn | Vaynor | Glamorganshire | |
Cefn Cil-Sanws ring cairn | Ring cairn | Vaynor | Glamorganshire | |
Cefn Cil-Sanws, Cairn on SW side of | Round Cairn | Vaynor | Brecknockshire | |
Coetgae’r Gwartheg barrow cemetery | Round cairn | Vaynor | Glamorganshire | |
Garn Pontsticill ring cairn | Ring cairn | Vaynor | Glamorganshire | |
Dyke 315m E of Tyla-Glas | Ditch | Bedlinog | The remains of a later prehistoric/medieval dyke with a clearly defined bank and ditch running east-west across a ridge top. The 3 m (9.8 ft) wide ditch is 1.5 m (4.9 ft) deep at its east end. | Glamorganshire |
Cefn Cil-Sanws Defended Enclosure | Enclosure – Defensive | Vaynor | Brecknockshire | |
Enclosure East of Nant Cwm Moel | Enclosure – Defensive | Vaynor | Glamorganshire | |
Enclosure on Coedcae’r Ychain | Enclosure – Defensive | Vaynor | Glamorganshire | |
Gelligaer Common Roman Road | Road | Bedlinog | Glamorganshire | |
Nant Crew Inscribed Stone (now in St John’s Church, Cefn Coed ) | Standing stone | Vaynor | A 1.5 m (5 ft) high square-sectioned pillar stone thought to date to the Bronze Age. A Latin inscription on the west face and cross incised on the north face are from the 6th and 7th-9th centuries. Holes in the stone indicate that it had been used as a gatepost. | Brecknockshire |
Platform Houses and Cairn Cemetery on Dinas Noddfa | House platforms (& Cairnfield) | Bedlinog | Medieval house platforms, also prehistoric cairnfield | Glamorganshire |
Platform Houses on Coly Uchaf | Platform house | Bedlinog | Glamorganshire | |
Morlais Castle | Castle | Pant | The collapsed remains of a castle begun in 1288 by Gilbert de Clare, Lord of Glamorgan. The walls enclosed an area of approximately 130 by 60 m (430 by 200 ft). It was captured during the 1294-95 rebellion of Madog ap Llywelyn and may have been abandoned shortly afterwards. | Glamorganshire |
Cae Burdydd Castle | Motte | Vaynor | A 3 m (9.8 ft) high motte and ditch dating to the medieval period. The diameter of 23 m (75 ft) narrows to 9 m (30 ft) at the top. | Brecknockshire |
Cefn Car settlement | Building (Unclassified) | Vaynor | Glamorganshire | |
Gurnos Quarry Tramroad & Leat | Industrial monument | Gurnos | Glamorganshire | |
Sarn Howell Pond and Watercourses | Pond | Town | Glamorganshire | |
Abercanaid egg-ended boiler | Egg-ended Boiler, re-purposed as garden shed | Troed-y-rhiw | Glamorganshire | |
Cyfarthfa Canal Level | Canal Level | Cyfarthfa | Glamorganshire | |
Cyfarthfa Tramroad Section at Heolgerrig | Tramroad | Cyfarthfa | Glamorganshire | |
Iron Ore Scours and Patch Workings at Winch Fawr, Merthyr Tydfil | Iron mine | Cyfarthfa | Glamorganshire | |
Ynys Fach Iron Furnaces | Industrial monument | Cyfarthfa | Glamorganshire | |
Penydarren Tram Road | Trackway | Merthyr Vale | Glamorganshire | |
Iron Canal Bridge from Rhydycar | Bridge | Park | Glamorganshire | |
Pont-y-Cafnau tramroad bridge | Bridge | Park | An ironwork bridge spanning the River Taff constructed in 1793. The name, meaning “bridge of troughs”, comes from its unusual three tier design of a tramroad between two watercourses, one beneath the bridge deck and the other on an upper wooden structure which is no longer present. Pont-y-Cafnau is also Grade II* listed. | Glamorganshire |
Merthyr Tramroad: Morlais Castle section | Tramroad | Pant | Glamorganshire | |
Merthyr Tramroad Tunnel (Trevithick’s Tunnel) | Tramroad | Troed-y-rhiw | Glamorganshire | |
Cwmdu Air Shaft & Fan | Air Shaft | Cyfarthfa | Glamorganshire | |
Remains of Blast Furnaces, Cyfarthfa Ironworks | Blast Furnace | Park | Glamorganshire | |
Tai Mawr Leat for Cyfarthfa Iron Works | Leat | Park | Glamorganshire | |
Deserted Iron Mining Village, Ffos-y-fran | Industrial monument | Troed-y-rhiw | Glamorganshire |
Please follow the link below to see the original:-
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_scheduled_monuments_in_Merthyr_Tydfil_County_Borough
From the Merthyr Express 70 years ago today….
by Barrie Jones
My paternal Grand-parents, Caradog and Margaret Jones, lived at number 12 Union Street, Thomastown, Merthyr Tydfil. Occasionally, in the early 1950’s when attending St Mary’s infant school in Morgantown, my grandmother would look after me in the late afternoon until my Mother or Father were able to call in and collect me for home. By then, my two older brothers were attending St Mary’s primary school in Court Street; presumably they were old enough to fend for themselves but not to look after me. So, instead of getting off the school bus to the stop at Penuel Chapel, Twynyrodyn, a short walk away from my house on the Keir Hardie Estate, I would get off at the stop by the Brunswick public house in Church Street, which was just around the corner from my grandparents house.
My Grandfather, (Dad), was born in Troedyrhiw and was a coal miner for all his working life. Firstly, for Hills Plymouth Collieries, and in the years close to his retirement in 1961 his last pit was Aberpergwm drift/slant mine, near Glyn-neath. In those later days, Dad was a haulier, guiding his pit pony that pulled the dram full of anthracite coal from the coal face to the pit surface. On one occasion when staying at Nan & Dad’s, I recall him being brought home by ambulance after having received a bump on the head from a minor roof fall at the mine. He was sitting in his chair by the kitchen fire with his head bandaged and with a vacant look on his face, which I now know to have been a severe case of concussion.
My Grandmother, (Nan), supplemented the family income by ‘taking in’ travelling salesmen and theatrical artists, (see ‘A Full House’ http://www.merthyr-history.com/?p=3526 & http://www.merthyr-history.com/?p=3527), as well as helping to pay towards the purchase of the house, this extra income allowed my grandparents to buy some luxury goods. Nan held accounts in several shops in the town.
One, in particular, was Goodall’s Ltd., which was located on the corner of Masonic Street and High Street, on the opposite corner to the Eagle Inn. In the 1940’s Goodall sold general merchandise but over the following decades concentrated more and more on electrical goods and lighting. Nan’s account there, allowed her to buy items on extended purchase and a number of what may be called prestige electrical items were bought over the years.
The most memorable item Nan purchased was a television set, fitted in a fine wooden cabinet with a ten inch screen, which was placed pride of place in the front sitting room. Staying at Nan’s meant that I could watch the BBC’s Watch With Mother fifteen minute programme for children, before being collected for home. ‘Watch with Mother’ was initially broadcast from 3.45 pm and marked the start of BBC’s television’s broadcast for the day. If I stayed later I would watch the older children’s programmes that were broadcast up to 6.00 pm. Up until 1956 there was a programme free slot between 6.00 and 7.00 pm, known as the ‘Toddler’s Truce’, from that year onwards the ‘Television Ratings War’ with commercial television had well and truly begun. Television was such a novelty then that even the ‘interludes’ would be watched avidly no matter how many times they were broadcast. Memorable interludes were the ‘potter’s wheel’ and the ‘kitten’s playing with balls of wool’. The first television in our house came much later in the 1950s, courtesy of Rediffusion’s wired relay network that was installed throughout the Keir Hardie Estate. Similar to my Nan’s, the set had a ten inch screen in a wooden cabinet on which we could sample the delights of commercial television’s advertisements and their jingles, such as Murray Mints, the “too good to hurry mints”.
I recall that my Nan’s next big purchase was a radio-gram, again installed in the front room, this was a large cabinet with the radio on the right hand side, and, on the left was the gramophone with a drop system for the single 78s, large heavy records that made a crashing noise when they dropped on to the turntable. Between the radio and gramophone was a compartment for holding a small number of records. Among the records there were some by the tenor singer Malcolm Vaughan (1929-2010), formally James Malcolm Thomas. Although born in Abercynon, he moved to 63 Yew Street, Troedyrhiw, when a young boy. This was not my first introduction to gramophones, in our house we had a large ‘up-right’ gramophone with built-in speaker and storage cupboard below. However, Nan’s was the first powered by electricity and her records were far more up to date!
Another of Nan’s luxury purchases was a Goblin Teasmade, which was placed on the bedside table in my grandparent’s bedroom, presumably on my Nan’s side of the bed! Apparently, still manufactured today but now far more sophisticated than the machine of the 1950’s. The Teasmade was a combined clock, kettle and teapot, the clock’s alarm would start the heating element in the water filled kettle, once boiled, the hot water would be transferred into the teapot, ready for that early morning cuppa. Strange that such a modern contraption was kept alongside a bed that hid a chamber-pot underneath.
Having a television on the day of the coronation of Queen Elizabeth II (2nd June 1953) must have improved my Nan’s street cred. Then what family, friends and neighbours who could squeeze into the front sitting room, watched the televised ceremony. I was four at the time and probably I was more interested in the street party that followed and so I can’t recall watching the coronation itself. I can recall sitting with my mother, and my brothers and baby sister at the head of the long row of tables near to my grandparent’s house. All the children were given ‘Corona’ Red Indian headdresses and mine had fallen off my head just before the picture above was taken.
The street’s residents had decorated their front parlour windows with patriotic bunting and pictures, and the photograph to the right shows my mother standing by the decorated front window of number 13 Union Street, Mr & Mrs Bray’s house. I also recall that there were some street races for the children with small prizes given by one of Nan’s ‘regulars’ who was lodging at Nan’s house at the time.
It is more than likely that in the next decade another coronation will be held and I wonder if my grand-children will remember that ceremony in their later life.
by David Collier
Legend has it that the bridge over the river Taff in Troedyrhiw is located at the place where Tydfil’s brother Rhun was killed, in around the year 480, by Saxon or British pagans or a band of marauding Picts. It is commonly accepted that, thereafter, bridges constructed on this spot have been known by names which mean ‘Rhun’s Bridge’. These include Pontyrhun, Pontrhun and Pont-y-Rhun.
There is, however, a less colourful explanation for the name of this bridge. In his book ‘Bridges of Merthyr Tydfil’ W. L. Davies states that this ancient site is “the most natural and only location for a bridge crossing below the meeting of the two Taffs at Cefn Coed-y-cymmer”. It is, therefore, possible that the name of this bridge is derived from it being the FIRST bridge in the lower valley as suggested by ‘Pont yr Un’ (roughly translatable as ‘bridge one’) as printed on at least one early map.
The first known record of a bridge at this spot dates from the 1540’s when it would have been made of wood. Later replacements were of a stone arch construction but, by 1857, a wrought iron structure was in place. Disaster struck on 15 December 1878 when the foundations on the west bank were washed away.
This bridge was reconstructed in 1880 and remained in place with regular repairs and strengthening until 1945 when plans were prepared for a new bridge which was then completed. By the 1960’s it was apparent that this bridge was inadequate for the amount of traffic that it then carried and so on 3 October 1965 it was closed for 13 weeks whilst a new bridge, that remains in use to this day, was erected.
This article has been transcribed from the Friends of Saron web-page, and is used here with the kind permission of David Collier. To see the original article please see: https://friendsofsaron.wordpress.com/2020/08/24/pontyrhun-bridge-troedyrhiw/